Note that scientific journal articles retrieved from the internet should be treated as journal articles discussed in online journal articles. Reports of organizations, working papers, white papers, commissions of inquiry etc. found on the internet can be treated as internet sources.
The specific internet address (URL) must be given for information retrieved from the internet. The URL is hyperlinked. No fullstop after the URL.
Also add the date when the information was retrieved (date of access). Remember, the date of access is not needed for permalinks or DOI numbers.
Before submitting your assignment or research paper, make sure all URLs are still valid.
Commission of Inquiry on State Capture. 2018. Legal team opening address. https://www.sastatecapture.org.za/site/files/documents/2/LEGAL_TEAM_OPENING_ADDRESS.pdf Date of access: 4 Jul. 2019.
Text reference:
(Commission of Inquiry on State Capture, 2018:4).
Abrego, L., Amado, M.A., Gursoy, T., Nicholls, G.P. & Perez-Saiz, H. 2019. The African continental free trade agreement: welfare gains estimates from a general equilibrium model. (IMF working paper, WP/19/124). https://www.imf.org/~/media/Files/Publications/WP/2019/WPIEA2019124.ashx Date of access: 11 Jun. 2019.
Text reference:
(Abrego et al., 2019:5).
Blog posts can be used as sources of information but you have to make sure it is scientific and reliable.
The author of a blog post can be a person or persons but it can also be an organisation or company, or even a group author.
If possible give the exact date, e.g. year, day and month in the reference list, but only the year in the text reference.
Determining the author of a blog or comment is sometimes difficult. Use the name of the individual who commented on the blog post or the screen name (it can sometimes be something weird that doesn’t look like a name, eg. Cu4t).
The date should be the date when the comment was published (not that of the blog post).
For the title, type the word “Re: “ in front of the title of the blog post. Use the URL of the comment.
Nowadays posts from social media are also used as information sources. For an individual’s name, use the surname, followed by his / her initials. Give the screen name in brackets if available. If only the screen name is available, use that form of name. For an organisation, use the name as found on the page. Give the exact date (year, day and month) of the post.
Give the title or caption of the post. If it is a long caption, use the first 40 words of the post followed by the ellipsis (...) After the title, give in square brackets the type of post, e.g. [Facebook post], [Tweet], [Instagram post]. Provide the exact URL (click on a post’s date stamp) of the status update as well as the date of access.
NWU-Pukke (@NWUPuk). 2019, 20 Jun. The “Take back the bult”-project is progressing well with Phase 1 being completed [Facebook post]. https://www.facebook.com/NWUPuk/posts/10156654042903823?__tn__=-R Date of access: 21 Jun. 2019.
Text reference:
(NWU-Pukke, 2019).
Elsevier (@ElsevierConnect). 2019, 9 Jul. 3 tips on preparing a literature review [Tweet]. https://twitter.com/ElsevierConnect/status/1148577631354458113 Date of access: 10 Jul. 2019.
Text reference:
(Elsevier, 2019).
Jansen, J. (jdjansen007). 2018, 25 May. “Recognising your own brokenness is part of owning your story” [Instagram post]. https://www.instagram.com/p/BjMUgzajXwg/ Date of access: 3 Jun. 2018.
Text reference:
(Jansen, 2018).
Stats SA (@StatsSA). 2019, 12 Feb. Quarterly labour force survey (QLFS), 4th quarter 2018 [Video clip]. https://www.facebook.com/StatsSA/videos/371408283412031/ Date of access: 25 Mar. 2019.
Text reference:
(Stats SA, 2019).
Statswork. 2019, 27 Jun. How is a meta-analysis performed? [Infographic]. https://www.instagram.com/p/BzM02KWJ6NJ/ Date of access: 8 Jul. 2019.
Text reference:
(Statswork, 2019).
UNAIDS. 2018. Global AIDS update 2018 [PowerPoint]. https://www.unaids.org › media_asset › 2018-global-aids-update-slides-part1 Date of access: 31 Jul. 2019.
Text reference:
(UNAIDS, 2018).
Robinson, K. 2006. Do schools kill creativity? [Video]. Talk presented at an official TED conference. https://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_says_schools_kill_creativity?utm_campaign=tedspread&utm_medium=referral&utm_source=tedcomshare Date of access: 15 Apr. 2019.
Text reference:
(Robinson, 2006).
Simple Science Answers. 2013, 2 Aug. Pharmacodynamics made simple! [YouTube video]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FN_8Y6fzK40 Date of access: 22 Feb. 2019.
Text reference:
(Simple Science Answers, 2013).
Trump, D. 2018, 25 Sep. President Trump speech at the UN General Assembly [Podcast]. https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/ricochet/potus-pod/e/56420033 Date of access: 18 Nov. 2019.
Text reference:
(Trump, 2018).
LMS = learning management system, e.g. eFundi.
